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Remote sensing as a forest management tool in Sub-Himalayan area in India
Kunwar, Haruhit
The Himalayan forests in India are home to very distinguished Himalayan flora and fauna, and the local population and livestock rely on forests because of the agrarian economy and pastoralism. The implementation of Remote Sensing and geotechnology tools in Forestry (precise forestry), has proved to support forest management. The sub-Himalayan area in India is one such region, that is largely forested and needs an application of Remote Sensing in Forest Management. This work has incorporated several geotechnology tools through which satellite imagery was processed and analyzed to have the outputs that will aid the foresters and forest managers with understanding the critical areas and implementing forest management plan with accuracy and precision, along with saving a lot of time.
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Tepelný ostrov města - analýza stavu a možnosti zlepšení
CHVOJKOVÁ, Aneta
Increasing surface temperature in urban environments along with the creation of heat islands is one of the most visible phenomena of a worsening climate in general. This phenomenon is inherently linked to the increasing rate of urbanisation and urban development. Heat islands in cities are formed by an accumulation of high surface temperatures and differ significantly from areas in their rural surroundings. The surface temperature depends on several factors. These include, including but not limited to, colour, permeability or material of the surface, as well as the presence of vegetation in the given area or the layout of the streets. Anthropogenic activity caused by fossil fuel combustion or transport also has a significant impact on the temperature in urban environments. One of the most efficient tools to reduce the rise in temperatures is in particular high-quality vegetation and water retention in urban environments and the landscape in general. The area of interest of this work, which deals with the topic described above, is Kardašova Řečice with twelve determined locations. Using satellite data analysis, problematic areas in terms of surface temperature and several smaller heat islands were identified. The results of the spectral vegetation indices analysis showed a mutual correlation between the surface temperature and the presence of vegetation, which was analysed by NDVI and NDMI spectral vegetation indices data. The highest temperatures and the lowest surface humidity were found in areas with the least vegetation (greenery). The situation was the opposite in areas with sufficient vegetation cover and water for evapotranspiration. Since vegetation has been proved to have a significant positive impact on reducing the surface temperature in urban environments, a strategy was suggested to improve the urban living conditions by implementing a suitably selected green and green-blue infrastructure.
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Urban vegetation - temporal analysis of urban vegetation impact on local climate using remote sensing
PAVLÍČKOVÁ, Lenka
The urban heat island (UHI) is a phenomenon of noticeably higher temperatures in the cities as compared to their respective surrounding areas. This thesis aims at characterizing the influence of city expansion to the urban heat island phenomenon. The study is carried out in a city of Caceres in the Spanish province of the same name. A model input data is obtained with Landsat multispectral images. The analysis of satellite images shows that functional vegetation cover and water surfaces help in mitigating urban heat island effect. However, the Caceres city expansion does not influence the urban heat island intensity. A possible explanation for it is as the city expanded the ratio of vegetation to dry land remains constant in time.
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Impact of different types of land cover on physical parameters of landscape surface
KUNTZMAN, Jan
The aim of the thesis was understanding the energy fluxes in different types of land cover. The area of interest is located in Novohradské hory in the basins of Váčkový and Pasecký potok. On a relatively small area there are five different types of land cover to be found (field, forest, permanent grassland, wetland and built-up area). For each of the types of land cover three properties of the surface were calculated: amount of vegetation on the surface, wetness of the surface and surface temperature. Moreover, soil heat flux, latent heat flux and sensible heat flux were established therefore surface thermal balance was evaluated. Results were statistically processed with boxplot diagrams as an outcome. The results support the hypothesis of vegetation having a positive effect on microclimate conditions. Especially the permanent cultures (wetlands, permanent grassland, forest) demonstrated much larger microclimatic stability and balance as well as capability of keeping moist. Thanks to insufficient intensity of vaporization (due to lack of water), built-up areas showed higher surface temperatures and sensible heat flux at most of the cases. Vegetation is capable of holding water and redistributing it in an environment via evapotranspiration. Thus, solar energy is stored inside of the water vapour which condensates on cool objects releasing the energy spent during the vaporization process. Water moves in the landscape through the local-scale water cycle stabilizing the microclimate.
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